Constitution of The City State of Corte Astera

Preamble
We, the people of The City State of Corte Astera, assert our existence as an independent state under the authority of Article 1 of the 1933 Montevideo Convention on Rights and Duties of States, and declare independence from the United States of America, on this First of June, 2025 through the ratification of this constitution, to serve as our states founding document, to meet the requirements for Good governance, and to serve as the basic law.

Article 1: Government
§1: Structure
[1.1.1] The City State of Corte Astera is a sovereign and independent State as defined within the framework of international law. 

[1.1.2] All legislative powers shall be jointly vested in the Directory of The City State of Corte Astera and the Executive Director of the City State of Corte Astera.

[1.1.3] All executive powers shall be vested in the Executive Director of The City State of Corte Astera.

[1.1.4] All judicial powers shall be vested in the Magistrate of The City State of Corte Astera.

[1.1.5] The Directory shall have the power to enforce these articles through appropriate legislation.

[1.1.6] The ratification of this Constitution by The Directory and The Executive Director shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Constitution as the basic law of The City State of Corte Astera. This Constitution may be ratified electronically.

[1.1.7] This Constitution, once ratified, shall not be revised or modified, except by amendment.


§2: Citizenship and residency
[1.2.1] The Directory shall have the power to regulate, define, grant, change, and revoke citizenship, nationality, naturalization,
residency, visas, and any and all kinds of visitation, relation, qualifications, or other legal membership or association of any individual, businesses, group of individuals, or group of businesses, of, with, or within The City State of Corte Astera.

§3: Taxation
[1.3.1] No taxes shall be levied, nor fees assessed, on the income, revenue, or profit of any person, earned through performing work or providing services for another individual, private company, government corporation, or the government of The City State of Corte Astera.

[1.3.2] No taxes shall be levied, nor fees assessed, on the income, revenue, or profit of a private business or government corporation, earned through performing work or providing services for another private business, an individual, or The City State of Corte Astera.

[1.3.3] The Directory shall have the power to regulate, levy taxes, and levy fees upon the private property and private investments, as well as the exchange of any private property or private investments, of and between individuals and businesses, domestic and foreign.

§4: Administrative Division
[1.4.3] The Directory shall have the power to establish and regulate Administrative Divisions inferior to The Municipality.  

[1.4.2] The core territory of the Municipality of the City State of Corte Astera shall be the supreme administrative division of the City State of Corte Astera. 

§5: Standards
[1.5.1] The Directory shall have the power to establish, coin and regulate currency.


[1.5.2] The Directory shall have the power to establish and regulate standards of weights and measures.

[1.5.3] The Directory shall have the power to establish an archive of all standards, qualifications, treaties, legislation, laws, executive orders, and all other government works, introduced, expired, withdrawn, voted on, passed, ratified, for the purposes of preservation. 

[1.5.4] No person who is ineligible for soritition shall hold any public office in The City State of Corte Astera. 

§6: Foreign Relations
[1.6.1] As the head of state, the Executive Director shall have the power to represent The City State of Corte Astera in international affairs.

[1.6.2] The Executive Director shall have the power to negotiate with other countries, and maintain foreign affairs. 

[1.6.3] The Directory shall not maintain any military, armed forces, or militias excepting, with a unanimous vote, during times of war explicitly declared, but only as a response to a war declaration from a foreign adversary, or invasion or insurrection thereof.

[1.6.4] The Directory shall have the power to ratify and regulate treaties. 

§7: Domestic Affairs
[1.7.1] The Directory shall have the power to regulate education, transportation, infrastructure, commerce, arms, and all other domestic affairs not otherwise delegated in this constitution.

[1.7.2] The Directory shall have the power to draft and pass legislation, to collect taxes and levy fees, duties and tariffs or otherwise raise revenue, to borrow money on the credit of The City State of Corte Astera, and to allocate any such monies or revenue as it sees fit through appropriate legislation.
[1.7.3] The Directory shall have the power to establish and regulate post offices, postal routes, and all postal services. 

[1.7.4] The Directory shall have the power to constitute tribunals inferior to the Court of the Chief Magistrate. 

Article 2: The Directory
§1: Structure
[2.1.1] The members of the Directory shall be referred to as Directors. 

[2.1.2]Members of the Directory shall be chosen by sorition yearly. These members must be Qualified Citizens of The City State of Corte Astera, as defined in Article 1 Section 2. The Directory shall have the power to choose the date of selection, otherwise the date shall be the second Monday in June. 

[2.1.3] Directors shall be apportioned among the Administrative Divisions of The City State of Corte Astera, according to their respective population, as determined by a census every two years, except as defined within appropriate legislation enacted through Article 1 Section 2 and Article 1 Section 4. The Directory shall have the power to choose the date of census, otherwise the date shall be the first Monday in June.

[2.1.4] The Municipality of The City State of Corte Astera shall be represented by at least One Director. All other Qualified Administrative Divisions, as defined in appropriate legislation, shall be represented by at least one Director, but not more than three. 

[2.1.5] The Directory shall have the sole power of impeachment.









[2.1.6] Directors, the Executive Director, and the Chief Magistrate may be impeached and removed from office with a two-thirds supermajority vote, of those present,  from the Directory. All other government officials may be impeached and removed from office with a majority vote from the Directory. All those impeached have the right to a tribunal before The Directory before removal from office. The head of the tribunal shall be the Executive Director, except under impeachment, vacancy, or unavailability, then the head shall be the Chief Magistrate. If neither the Executive Director or the Chief Magistrate qualify due to impeachment, vacancy or unavailability, then the Directory shall nominate and select a tribunal head, from among the public, with a majority vote. All those impeached and removed from any office shall not be eligible for that office. 

[2.1.7] The Directory shall assemble at least once per year. The Directory shall have the power to make or alter any regulations regarding assembly or debate. The Directory shall have the power to choose the date of assembly, otherwise the date shall be the third Monday in June.

[2.1.8] Each Director, as well as the Executive Director shall be entitled to one vote each, in all official manners and affairs in The Directory.

[2.1.9] Directors are exempt from arrest during their term in office, except if impeached and convicted of a felony in a tribunal constituted by The Directory or the Chief Magistrate. 

[2.1.10] Directors may forfeit their position through formal, written resignation effective not less than 24 hours after the submission of said formal, written resignation to The Directory and The Executive Director. Directors who resign shall not be eligible to sit on The Directory for one calendar year from the date of resignation. 

[2.1.11] The Directory shall have the power to appoint a new Executive Director, whose term shall not exceed that of the remainder of the term of the previous Executive Director, in the event of a vacancy, with a majority vote.
[2.1.12] Directors shall serve a term of two years in the Directory, one half of whom shall be selected in even years, and one half of whom shall be selected in odd years, except the Executive Director, who shall serve a term of five years in The Directory. At the end of their term, all members of The Directory, as well as the Executive Director, shall vacate their office, and shall again be eligible for soritition, unless impeached and removed from office.

[2.1.13] The Directory shall have the power to establish and regulate government agencies and government corporations. 
	
§2: The Executive Director
[2.2.1] The Executive Director is the head of state, the head of government, head of The Directory, and shall be the commander-in-chief of the armed forces 	during a state of war, insurrection or invasion.

[2.2.2] The Executive Director shall be selected from among the Directory, and appointed with a majority vote from The Directory. 

[2.2.3] The Executive Director shall be exempt from soritition for the duration of their term; They shall not concurrently occupy any other office that is selected via soritition, except as a Director on the Directory, which the Executive Director shall hold for the totality of their term, unless impeached and removed from office.

[2.2.4] The Executive Director shall have the power to fill vacancies in The Directory by appointment for no more than the remainder of a single term. 

[2.2.5] The Executive Director shall have the power to appoint heads of government agencies and corporations, to be confirmed with a majority vote from The Directory.






[2.2.6] The Executive Director shall have the power to draft executive orders, to be overridden and declared null by a majority vote by the Directory; shall have the power to veto, to be overridden and declared null by a majority-plus-one vote by the Directory; and shall have the power to regulate all domestic or government affairs not otherwise legislated or delegated by, to or from the Directory.

[2.2.7] The Executive Director may forfeit their position through formal, written resignation, effective not less than 24 hours after the submission of said formal, written resignation to The Directory. An Executive Director who resigns as Executive Director also resigns their position as a Director, and shall not be eligible to sit on The Directory for one calendar year from the date of resignation.	

[2.2.8] The Executive Director is exempt from arrest during their term in office, except if impeached and convicted of a felony in a tribunal constituted by The Directory or the Chief Magistrate.
	
§3: Legislation		
[2.3.1] Legislation may be introduced from either the Directory or from the Executive Director. The Directory shall have the power to take action on any piece of legislation as defined in appropriate legislation, or otherwise with a majority vote. No piece of legislation with the same means and ends shall be introduced to the Directory more than twice in one calendar year, or as defined in appropriate legislation. 
		
[2.3.2] Unless otherwise specified within this constitution or defined by legislation, all legislation shall require The Directory to take action and pass said legislation with a majority vote before the legislation is to be passed to the Executive Director. Voting shall take place not less than 7 days after the introduction of legislation in to the Directory. If the legislation does not pass, the Directory may attempt a second vote at least 30 days after the first vote of the 	legislation, and a third vote 59 days after the date of the introduction of the legislation. The Directory shall not vote on any piece of legislation more than 3 times without reintroduction.
	
[2.3.3] Upon the passage of legislation, the Executive Director must veto or officially endorse it. If the Executive Director vetoes the legislation, then The Directory may override the veto with a majority-plus-one vote. If the Executive Director officially endorses the legislation, then the legislation becomes law, effective on the date listed within said legislation; otherwise, the law is effective 6 months after official endorsement. If the Executive Director does not veto or endorse the legislation, then the legislation shall become law 6 months after an additional majority vote from the Directory, to take place at least 30 days after the legislation was initially passed by the Directory. The Directory may attempt a second vote 59 days after the date of the introduction of the legislation. 

[2.3.4] If the Directory chooses not to take action, or if The Directory does not pass the legislation, then the legislation shall expire and be declared null and void 60 days after the introduction of the legislation in to The Directory, and must be re-introduced if further consideration is desired. Legislation may be withdrawn by the Director who introduced it to the Directory, at least 3 days before the Directory votes on it. Withdrawn or expired legislation shall not be reintroduced for a period of 30 days. The Directory shall not vote on or consider expired or withdrawn legislation.

[2.3.5] All pieces of legislation shall have an executive summary, affixed to the beginning of the legislation, describing, in plain terms, the means and ends of said legislation, for the consumption of the public, and for the common Good.

[2.3.6] Legislation must be withdrawn or expired before modification, and finalized before introduction or reintroduction. The Directory shall not consider or vote on modified legislation or legislation that is pending modification. 

[2.3.7] The drafting, introduction, proposal, voting on or of, official endorsement of, or any other action therein pertaining to legislation, law, executive orders, The Magistrate, The Directory, The Executive Director, any government office, government agency, or government corporation, may be performed electronically.

Article 3: The Magistrate
§1: Structure and Purpose
[3.1.1] The Magistrate is the Judicial system of The City State of Corte Astera. It shall consist of the Office of the Chief Magistrate, presided over by the Chief Magistrate, and any lower courts as established and regulated by The Directory with appropriate legislation.

[3.1.2] The Office of the Chief Magistrate shall be the highest court in the land.

[3.1.3] The Chief Magistrate shall be a judge of the Office of the Chief Magistrate, and shall administer the Office of the Chief Magistrate.

[3.1.4] The Chief Magistrate shall be a Qualified Citizen of The City State of Corte Astera, as defined in Article 1 Section 2.

[3.1.5] The Chief Magistrate is exempt from arrest during their term in office, except if impeached and convicted of a felony in a tribunal constituted by The Directory.

§2: Powers
[3.2.1] The Executive Director shall have the power to appoint the Chief Magistrate, to be confirmed by The Directory by a majority vote. If the Directory 	fails to confirm a Chief Magistrate 30 days after the Chief Magistrate had been appointed, then the Executive Director shall be stripped of their power to appoint the Chief Magistrate, and shall themselves become the interim Chief Magistrate, until such a time that The Directory appoints and confirms a new Chief Magistrate by majority vote. If the Executive Director does not appoint a Chief Magistrate within 30 days of assuming office, then they shall be stripped of their power to appoint a Chief Magistrate, and the Directory shall appoint and confirm a new Chief Magistrate by majority vote.
 
[3.2.2] The Chief Magistrate shall have the power to appoint the judges of lower courts, to be confirmed by The Directory with a majority vote. 

[3.2.3] The judicial power of the Office of the Chief Magistrate shall extend to all cases regarding this constitution, to the laws of The City State of Corte Astera, to treaties, to government workers and works, to government corporations and agencies, to private businesses, between private businesses, or between a private business, a citizen, the government, an Administrative Division, or any combination thereof; to any controversy to which The City State of Corte Astera shall be a party, to controversies between Administrative Divisions, between Administrative Divisions and citizens, between citizens of one Administrative Division and citizens of another Administrative Division, between citizens of one Administrative Division and another Administrative Division, between citizens of the same Administrative Division who may occupy or own property in another Administrative Division, and between a private business, any government corporation or agency, an Administrative Division, or citizens thereof, and foreign states, citizens or subjects.

[3.2.4] The Office of the Chief Magistrate shall have original jurisdiction in all cases in which The City State of Corte Astera shall be a party, and in all cases affecting foreign officials, consuls, citizens or subjects. In all other cases, the Office of the Chief Magistrate shall have supreme appellate jurisdiction.

[3.2.5] Trials shall be conducted as a tribunal and shall be held at such place or places where the said crimes have been committed; but when not committed within The City State of Corte Astera, the trial shall be held before The Directory. 



[3.2.6] The Chief Magistrate has the power to accept or decline any hearing, petition or case.

§3: Limitations
[3.3.1] No judge shall concurrently hold any other political office or governmental position, except the Chief Magistrate, as described in Article 3 Section 2.

[3.3.2] The term limit for all judges, except the Chief Magistrate, shall be two years; the term limit for the Chief Magistrate shall be seven years. If The Directory does not confirm a new Judge or Chief Magistrate when their term expires, then the current Judge or Chief Magistrate shall continue to be a Judge 	or Chief Magistrate until such a time The Directory confirms a new Judge or Chief Magistrate.

[3.3.3] Any judge may forfeit their position through formal, written resignation, effective not less than 24 hours after the submission of said formal, written resignation to The Directory and the Executive Director. 

Article 4: Freedoms and Rights	
§1: Universal Rights and Freedoms
[4.1.1] All persons shall have the right to a fair and public tribunal where the crime shall had been committed, to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation, the right to legal representation, to be confronted with the witnesses against them, and to have process for obtaining witnesses in their favor . No person shall be compelled to be a witness against themselves nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation.

[4.1.2] No person shall be obliged to quarter any soldier or peacekeeper in any house or private business without the express consent of the Owner, except in time of war, invasion or insurrection, in a manner as prescribed by appropriate legislation.

[4.1.3] All persons shall be secure in their persons, houses, papers, property, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures. Warrants shall not be issued, except upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and describing the specific areas to be searched, as well as the persons to be arrested, and any property that is to be seized.

[4.1.4] All persons shall have the right to the free exercise of religion, the right to free speech and press, and the right to petition the government for a redress of grievances.

[4.1.5] Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall exist within The City State of Corte Astera, or any place subject to its jurisdiction. 

[4.1.6] Soritition shall be voluntary. All persons have the right to decline participation in soritition, nor shall soritition be denied or abridged by The City State of Corte Astera, or any place subject to its jurisdiction, on account of any 	innate quality, excepting Qualified Citizenship as defined in Article 1 Section 2.

[4.1.7] All persons shall enjoy all other public and private rights in The City State of Corte Astera that are not formally reserved to Qualified Citizens as defined in Article 1 Section 2.

[4.1.8] No right shall be denied or abridged by The City State of Corte Astera, or any place subject to its jurisdiction, on account of any innate quality, excepting Qualified Citizenship as defined in Article 1 Section 2.

Article 5: Amendments
§1: Proposals, Ratification, & Revision
[5.1.1] Amendments to this constitution may be proposed to The Directory by any Director or by the Executive Director. The Directory may choose to consider a new amendment with a majority vote; The Directory may ratify a new amendment with a unanimous vote and official endorsement of the Executive Director. 

[5.1.2] No amendment with the same ends shall be considered by The Directory more than once in a calendar year.


[5.1.3] Proposals for Constitutional Amendments shall expire not more than five calendar years after proposal to The Directory.

[5.1.4] Ratified amendments to this Constitution shall be effective not less than 6 months after ratification. 

[5.1.5] Each ratified amendment shall be amended to the end of this Constitution 	under a new article that begins with “Amendment”, followed by a number representing the sequential order in which the amendment was ratified, a colon, then the title of the amendment, followed by the text of the amendment as ratified.

[5.16] No Amendments to this Constitution shall be ratified prior to June 1st, 2030.

[5.1.7] This constitution, as well as all proposed and ratified amendments, shall be archived in accordance with Article 1 Section 5. 

[5.1.8] Proposed Amendments must be withdrawn or expired before modification, and finalized before proposal or consideration. The Directory shall not consider or vote on modified amendments or amendments that are pending modification. No amendment, once ratified, shall be revised or modified. 



















This Constitution shall be ratified, effective June 1st, 2025, with the unanimous consent of The Directory, and the official endorsement the Executive Director. 

Record of Vote:
Passed by The Directory June 1st 2025
Vote was unanimous.









Executive Director Alexander Grady
June 1st, 2025